|1957-1979 | 1981-1999 | 2000-Present | Abbreviation |

CHRONICLE OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) OBSERVATION						RELATED EVENTS
Atmospheric Observation (CO2 concentration)			Oceanographic Observation (pCO2 and TCO2)	Terrestrial Observation (CO2 flux)
Surface Observation	Aircraft and Satellite Observation	Ship Observation	Ship Observation	Surface Observation
		1981 Observations by the research vessel RYOFUMARU started on the fixed line in the Northwest Pacific (Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Japan).	1981 Observations of pCO2 by the research vessel RYOFUMARU started on the fixed line in the Northwest Pacific. (JMA, Japan) Intensive observations of TCO2 were performed by the U.S.A. in the North Atlantic. (Transient Tracers in the Ocean(TTO)).
		1982 Observations by cargo vessels started on the seaways between Japan and Australia, and between Japan and the U.S.A. (Tohoku University, Japan).
1984 Observations stared at the Showa Station. (National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) and Tohoku University, Japan)
			1985 Intensive observations of TCO2 and INDIGO were performed by France in the Southern Ocean. In the late 1980s, the coulometric precise analysis method of measuring TCO2 and standard materials were developed. ( United States Department of Energy (DOE), NOAA, National Science Foundation (NSF) and others, U.S.A)
		1986 Observations by cargo vessels started on the seaways between the U.S.A. and Australia. (NOAA, U.S.A)
1987 Observations started at Ryori, Iwate, Japan (JMA, Japan).			1987 Observations of pCO2 by the research vessels NATSUSHIMA and KAIYO started in the equatorial Pacific. (JMA and Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (the current Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Japan)
			1988-1989 Observations of pCO2 and TCO2 started by the U.S.A. in the South Atlantic. (South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment ( SAVE))			1988 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established.
			1989-2003 Observations of TCO2 based on the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) were performed in the Global Ocean. (JMA, Japan Coast Guard, Fisheries Agency, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (the current Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology), and The University of Tokyo, Japan).			1988 The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) was established. (WMO)
			1990-1996 Observations of pCO2 and TCO2 by the research vessel HAKUREIMARU were performed in the Northwest Pacific. (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan)	1990 Continuous observations by the eddy correlation method started in forests. (Harvard University, U.S.A.)		1990 The National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) was restructured to include the Center for Global Environmental Research in Japan. The World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) was established under WMO’s GAW programme and was operated by JMA. (Japan) The IPCC First Assessment Report was published. The Second World Climate Conference was held.
		1992 Observations by cargo vessels started on the seaways between Australia and Japan. (NIES, Japan)	1992 Observations of TCO2 started by the research vessel RYOUFUMARU on the fixed line in the Northwest Pacific. (JMA, Japan) Observations of TCO2 by training vessels (OSHOROMARU and HOKUSEIMARU）started on the fixed line in the Northwest Pacific. (Hokkaido University, Japan)			1992 The Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was held.
1993 Observations started at Hateruma Global Environment Monitoring Station, Okinawa, Japan. (NIES, Japan). Observations started at Minami Torishima, Tokyo, Japan (JMA, Japan). Observations started in cool-temperate deciduous forests, Takayama, Japan. (National Institute for Resources and Environment (the current AIST), Japan)	1993 Air sampling by aircraft started over Siberia, Russia. (NIES, Japan) Sampling observations started on the airways between Japan and Australia by commercial airliners. (MRI and others, Japan)			1993 Observations by the gradient method started in cool-temperate deciduous forests in Takayama, Japan. (National Institute for Resources and Environment (the current National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)), Japan)		1993 The Basic Environment Act was enacted in Japan.
				1994 In the mid- 1990s, FLUXNET started to measure the CO2 flux in Europe and North America.		1994 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change entered into force.
1995 Observations started at Cape Ochi-ishi Station, Hokkaido, Japan. (NIES, Japan)		1995 Observations by cargo vessels started on the seaways between the U.S.A. and Japan. (NIES, Japan)	1995 Observations of pCO2 by cargo vessels started on the seaways between the U.S.A. and Japan. (NIES, Japan)			1995 The IPCC Second Assessment Report was published.
	1996 Greenhouse gases observations by the Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse gases (IMG) on the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) started. (Ministry of International Trade and Industry (the current Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and National Space Development Agency of Japan (the current Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Japan))
1997 Observations started at Yonaguni, Japan. (JMA, Japan).			1997 Observations of CO2 and TCO2 based on the Sub-Arctic Gyre Experiment (SAGE) started in the North Pacific. 1997-2001 Observations of pCO2 and TCO2 by the research vessel DAINI HAKUREIMARU started in the Northwest Pacific. (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan)	1997-2003 Observations started in deciduous forests, Kawagoe, Japan. (Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFFRI), Japan).		1997 The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted.
			1998 Observations of TCO2 by the research vessel MIRAI started. (Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (the current JAMSTEC), Japan) 1998-2001 Time Series Observations of TCO2 started at the Kyodo North Pacific Ocean Time Series (KNOT) station. (Japan Science and Technology Corporation (the current JAMSTEC), Japan)	1998 Observations by the eddy correlation method started in cool-temperate deciduous forests in Takayama, Japan. (National Institute for Resources and Environment (the current AIST), Japan)
			1999-2000 Observations of pCO2 by cargo vessels started on the seaways between Japan and the U.S.A. (JMA and Foundation for Promoting Personal Mobility and Ecological Transportation (ECOMO), Japan)	1999 Observations started at Tomakomai Flux Research Site in Hokkaido, Japan. (NIES, Japan) Observations started at five forest research sites in Japan (Sapporo, Appi, Fujiyoshida, Yamashiro, and Kahoku). (FFPRI, Japan) Observations started at Mase paddy flux site in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. (NIAES, Japan)		1999 AsiaFlux, a CO2 flux monitoring network, started.